+ Analyze is the first phase of ADDIE ISD model. However, as with all phases of ADDIE, analysis can be done anywhere in the process.   In the analysis phase an instructional developer must identify needs, objectives, content and analyze the audience by asking several questions:

What Happens During ISD???.   This document from the book, "Training Needs Assessment," by Allison Rossett (1987) provides clarification of ADDIE and explains what happens during ISD.

Instructional Design: Front-End Analysis.   This page is maintained by University of Colorado at Denver , School of Education and provides link to resources on many facets of front end analysis.

Site Definition and Planning .   Yale Web Style Guide maintains a very nice article and list of resources to the first phase of development.

Instructional/Audience Analysis.   Florida Gulf Coast University's Principles of Online Design is indented as a resource for faculty who are designing online instructional materials. This page provides principles, practices and examples for audience analysis.

Assessment.  A list of methods, tools and resources to assessing your audience.

Conducting a Needs Assessment.   This page has a really good description of conducting a needs assessment and links to useful worksheets to use when conducting your needs assessment.

Reference Guide for Instructional Design and Development.   This document was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.(IEEE). This document serves as a valuable reference for designers and developers.

Sampling Methods. This document provides an overview of the different types of sampling methods.   TOP

+ Who is the audience?   If instructional media and technology are to be used effectively, there must be a match between the characteristics of the learner and the content.   Some factors to consider are general characteristics and learning styles.

Professional Development Module on Learning Styles.   Texas Collaborative for Teaching Excellence at El Paso Community College developed this page to create a "self-paced module" about learning styles. This page organizes information and links to additional resources to provide an overview of the key concepts of learning styles. The information from this site offers more practical than theoretical information to aid the instructor in recognizing and handling the instructional challenges and opportunities presented by the variety of student learning styles in the classroom.

Learning Styles.   This article focuses on learning styles in education today. The article points out that in previous generations, learning styles were not even acknowledged, much less accommodated and provides a learning style evaluation questionnaire and a learning style scoring key.

Learning Styles Explained.   This page explains what a learning style is and the types of learning styles.

Learner Profile.  This document provides a good checklist when trying to assess the target audience.

Index of Learning Styles (ILS) Tool  The ILS is a tool developed by Richard M. Felder and Barbara A. Soloman of North Carolina State University to help assess preferences on four dimensions of a learning styles (active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, visual/verbal, and sequential/global). This page contains links to the tool and other resources for learning styles. TOP

+ What does the audience need to learn?   Goals and objectives are the learning outcomes expected or what new capabilities should the learner possess at the completion of the instruction.   Goals are broad statements of purpose that consist of one or more objectives. Objectives are specific statements of what is expected and ensure proper evaluation.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS).   Goals and objectives will most likely start with the TEKS. TEKS are the knowledge and skills students should gain in school from kindergarten all the way through high school.

Bloom's Learning Domains. San Diego State University provides a good overview of the Bloom's taxonomy. Good objectives and goals consider all the learning domains.

Task/Content Analysis. Task analysis is ab examination of how people perform work activities. A task is a series of actions or behaviors that accomplishes a goal. This page provides a good overview of task analysis and provides worksheets to assist you when conducting a task anlysis.  TOP

+ What information is already known?   A "need" is the difference between the actuals and the optimals. Conducting a needs assessment will help to identify the "need."   Another way the developer finds the information required is through interviews with various individuals.

Needs Assessment - Question Types.   A survey or questionnaire must contain carefully worded questions in order to identify the requirements for the proposed project. This document from the book, "Training Needs Assessment," by Allison Rossett (1987) lists six classifications of question-types directed specifically to isolate constructive information.

Sample Survey.   This document is a sample survey created by Stephen Rodriguez, Ph.D. This is a sample survey of the item types covered by the typology in Allison Rossett's book, "Training Needs Assessment."

Analysis Tools.   Georgia Tech provides a page with many "tools" to assist in conducting needs assessments.   A needs assessment is a systematic effort to determine the gap between what is and what should be.   TOP

+ What instructional strategies will you use?   One strategy does not fit all.  Students have many different learning styles.   Instructional strategies consider the variables and what will be required to motivate students to learn. When analyzing the audience, the designer will need to identify the learning needs of the students in order to develop instruction that will be effective.

Cognitive Learning Strategies.  A matrix for strategy, purpose and activity for cognitive learning strategies.

Introduction to Teaching Strategies. This site has a useful index of various teaching strategies and methods. Each strategy or method has a short introductory description and a link to detailed instructions for the teacher and student.

ARCS Model of Motivational Instructional Design. This document created by San Jose University outlines the ARCS model.  ARCS identifies four essential strategy components for motivating instruction.

ARCS Motivation Theory.   John Keller developed the ARCS model which states that there are four categories for motivation.  This document provides an overview of ARCS.

WebQuests.  A WebQuest is an inquiry-based Web delivery option for instruction.  The WebQuest model was developed at San Diego State University.  This page is an extensive resource for WebQuests that contains training materials, examples and various other resources.

Web Inquiry Projects (WIPs).   WIPs have a similar delivery structure to Webquests. However, WIPs are open-ended, self-directed activities. In a WIP the instructor is the only one that can see the complete instructions to the activity. The student only sees the question, or the "hook."

ESC2 WebQuests.   These WebQuests were developed during a workshop at the Education Service Center, Corpus Christi, Texas.

Inquiry-Based Learning Links.  This page from Biopoint provides many links to resources and tools for inquiry-based learning.

Active Learning Techniques- Quick Hitters.  This page is provided by San Diego State University and provides insite to active learning.  Active learning is a strategy to help students acquire knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, solve problems in a variety of situations and to think independently.

Project-Based Learning with Multimedia.  This site provides an in-depth look at problem-based learning and is developed and maintained by Educational Technology and Media Services San Mateo County Office of Education. TOP

+  What are the project timeline and milestones?   Project management is important so that all the tasks are complete timely and efficiently.   Project management begins with the analysis phase.

Project Management Tools. StartWright is a reference site for the information needs of information technology project managers and support staff traveling to, starting up, and working on remote, dispersed or virtual projects.

Project Management Tutorial.  The University of Texas at Austin , Center for Instructional Technologies outlines some proven techniques for planning, scheduling, and completing your project.

Instructional Systems Development and Project Management.  This document provides a good overview of both the ISD process and project management.

Brief Tutorial on Gantt Charts.  The University of Minnesota developed this page for one of their projects. This page provides useful instruction about Gantt charts. TOP

+ What are the delivery options?   There are a variety of delivery options to help delivery instruction to students such as Web, CD, Hyperstudio, Director, Book, etc.  The analysis phase will be where the developer begins to think about how the instruction can and should be delivered.

Technology Corner. This page contains tutorials on many types of media to deliver instruction.

Tutorials and Help with Software Applications.  The University Center, a community college in Woodlands Texas developed this page with links to tutorials for many software applications.

Multimedia Authoring Programs.  The Texas Center for Educational Technology provided this page that list resources to various multimedia delivery options such as HyperStudio and Director.  TOP