+  Design is the second phase of ADDIE ISD model.  However, as with all phases of ADDIE, the design phase can be done anywhere in the process.   In the design phase, developers need to get specific about the different elements of the project or instruction.  In this phase developers ask questions like:

Site Design.   Yale Web Style Guide maintains a very nice article and list of resources to site design.

Instructional System Design - Design Phase.   This page is maintained by Donal Clark. It provides a really nice outline about the design phase of instructional design.   TOP

+  What skills exactly should the audience have?   Once the analysis is complete the goals of the instruction should become apparent allowing the developer to derive learning objectives.  Objectives are a very important part of instruction.  The objectives should be short, specific and testable.

Objectives.   This page has a really good description of classifying and writing objectives and links to useful worksheets to use when designing objectives.

Goals and Objectives. The University of Texas at Austin provides information, examples, exercises and links to additional resources for writing effective and meaningful goals and objectives.

Writing Educational Goals and Objectives.  Pennsylvania State University provides an intuitive page of guidance, checklists and examples for writing goals and objectives.   TOP

+ What media, resources and materials will this project involve?    Objectives will determine the instruction content.  In this phase of ISD the developer will create an outline of the instruction or project.  The outline will provide the tasks, strategies and sequencing of the project or instruction .

Decide How You Will Communicate Performance Expectations to Students, Parents, and Others Who Are Interested.  How will you convey the expected lesson outcomes. This page provides a guide for this decision in the process.

Microsoft Virtual Classroom Tours.  Virtual classroom tours are templates embedded into PowerPoint presentations.  The presentation provides a structure to walk an educator through the instructions to create a technology rich instruction plan.

The Digital Classroom.   This site provides lesson plans, ideas and resources to historical information.  The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) encourages teachers and students to use archival documents and to teach with primary source materials.

NASA's Education Program.   The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) education centers located in Houston Texas and other locations offers parent students and educators NASA-related resources and information.

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) .  This page provides a listing of the TEKS. This is a useful starting point for objectives and lesson content.   TOP

+ What type of assessment tool will this project require?   Now is a good time to begin to think about practice, feedback and assessment.  These activities are important aspects to effective instruction and should involve thorough consideration.   The developer should indicate the type of practice, feedback and assessment the project will require.

Choose a Set of Content Standards and Develop Your Performance Descriptions and Expectations.  A guide to help you decide what type of standards to apply.

Assessment, Assessment Rubrics and Evaluation Guidelines.  A very useful page listing assessment tools for varied assessment types.

PBL Checklists.   This is a free tool to help educators create project-based learning checklists.

Rubrics, Rubric Makers.   This page from TeAch-nolgy, provides an array of tools to create rubrics for your instruction.

QuizStar.  This is a free tool so that educators can create online quizzes that can include multimedia, create quizzes that are multi-lingual and use the robustreporting tools.

Performance Measurements.   This page provides an overview of the topic and useful worksheets for designing performance measurements.   TOP

+ What type of content structure will the project require?   Sometimes the availability of CD-ROMs, scanners, speakers, cameras, bandwidth, and plug-ins often impact the choice of media.  The developer should identify the availability of technology as well as what is allowed.  Some organizations may have more restrictions on what is and is not allowed.

Webquest.  This page is maintained by ESC2 and has many Webquests in a variety of subjects.

Curriculum Solution Resources.    This is a great page from © Apple Computer that list many good curriculum ideas for the classroom.

The Texas Technology Access Project.   This site is a useful resource that supports children and adults with disabilities in their efforts to acquire and use technology as a routine part of day-to-day living.

The Multi Culture Pavilion.  This site provides articles, strategies, tools, links, research, and activities to support multicultural education.

Multimedia Maddness.   This workshop was developed by Wesley Fryer and teaches the basics of capturing graphics, video, audio from the web and CDs and provides hands-on practice inserting captured files into a multimedia presentation.

The Internet Pocket Guide for Teachers.   This is an Abode PDF document for teachers who want to bring the Internet to the classroom.

Web Training.   This page was created is a collaboration as a result of a staff development grant from Educate America written by the school districts of Atchison and Holton along with Washburn University. This page contains links to useful training materials to design a home page, create an online syllabus, schedule, and test, save to a server, convert word-processed documents, use online audio, video, and basic JavaScript.

Fun with Photos and Quick Tips.   A quick reference guide for working in Hyperstudio.  TOP

+ What type of interface will the project require?  It is important to design an intuitive interface allowing the learner to concentrate on the new material and not how get to the new material.  At this point the developer will begin to diagram the layout on storyboards, paper, flowcharts and other methods.  The intent of the layout is to represent the "look and feel" of the interface.  The layout should display the buttons, navigation and other key elements.  The layout should show the location of the key elements and the basic flow of the instruction.

Shaping the Content Online.   This document provides an example of three different ways of shaping content in your storyboards (these storyboards are only examples, and there would in fact be many ways to present these ideas!).

Design Principles for Simplification.   This page covers the many aspects of simplicity.  It is organized so that you can focus on simplicity concepts as related to the direct requirements of the ISO norm 9241, which are often in conflict with each other.

Six Principles of Effective e-Learning: What Works and Why?   A nice article in the e-Learners' Developer Journal about e-learning design.